John Winthrop And Ralph Waldo Emerson - 1876 Words

About a century ago, such scholar as Nietzsche disregarded the principles of modern â€Å"factualism†. Later on, Weber established the end of the era of generalists. One cannot but state extreme specialization and narrowly focused technical work to have changed certain visions into straight forward realities. Concerning this essay, it is mainly aimed at analyzing the sociological speculations of two outstanding thinkers John Winthrop and Ralph Waldo Emerson that, in view of widely-acknowledged scholars, reflect the state of public opinion even though they date back over two centuries; to be precise, the focus lies in comparing and contrasting the utopian visions of the two above mentioned thinkers, making emphasis on what utopia meant for these two authors and the way it was supposed to be achieved. Moreover, the paper is focused on interpreting and coming to terms with the pivotal social movements of Puritanism as well as transcendentalism. Speaking about the peculiarities of social theories, it is necessary to take a view of recognized changes in vast domains of social life and culture. The research will emphasize the main reconstructions of social and cultural theories due to historical events. The essay is also targeted on finding out whether it is logically to discount all the concepts, methods of the past, and acknowledge the new theoretical assumptions. According to Kathleen M. Hogan of the University of Virginia, the historical yearning for some type of American utopiaShow MoreRelatedRalph Waldo Emerson, John Winthrop, And Benjamin Franklin1297 Words   |  6 Pagestopic are Ralph Waldo Emerson, John Winthrop, and Benjamin Franklin. Each author has a different view over this subject. Emerson believes someone should not conform to his or her society, while Winthrop believes conformity is what will benefit society; Franklin on the other hand believes in a mix of both. Between all three, Franklin’s idea of a fusion between Emerson’s and Winthrop’s ideal modes of life is the proper balance to create a efficient and affective society. In Ralph Waldo Emerson’sRead More`` Contemplations `` By Anne Bradstreet Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesthe â€Å"manager of the country estate of the Puritan Earl of Lincoln†. At the tender age of sixteen, Anne met Simon Bradstreet, a man who shared the same Puritan ideals as her father. They were soon married and set off for the New World, along with â€Å"Winthrop s fleet† among the Massachusetts Bay Company. Life in America was not an easy existence for most, however proved especially difficult for Anne Bradstreet. The wilderness was particularly brawny, especially when juxtaposed against Bradford’s nearlyRead MoreThe Influence Of Calvinist Ideas On The Early Nineteenth Century900 Words   |  4 Pagesideologies that were brought upon by the puritans. Calvinism, which was based on the teachings of John Calvin, emphasizes predestination and salvation because a man had no free will and thus dependent of God, man had no control over his own spiritual fate, hence their over all actions in life. (Garcia, Lecture 2, p.2) However, John Winthrop, a puritan lawyer of the time, and others criticized this idea, Winthrop discussed the issues with these ideologies, absence in individual freedom lead to a hopelessRead MoreThe Evolution of American Literature637 Words   |  3 PagesThe Evolution of American Literature Early American literature may be said to begin with the Colonial period. John Smith and John Winthrop are two examples of the types of writing at this period: the former kept a romantic journal of his adventures in the New World; the latter kept a journal (or history) of life in New England, where religious matters were of utmost importance. The Puritans had come seeking a life free from religious persecution (which, they ironically brought with them howeverRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence By Thomas Jefferson And Models Of Christianity1720 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans. Some of these philosophies and ideas are still valued today, but others have lost value with the development of society. The two articles â€Å"The Declaration of Independence† by Thomas Jefferson and â€Å"Models of Christianity† written by John Winthrop will describe how some social interactions have changed such as religion, and others have stayed the same such as life, liberty and the pursu it of happiness. Religion helped early settlers become a unified society in early America. People whoRead MoreHester Prynne and Roger Chillingworth in Puritan Society Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesBelieved by many writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, society corrupts and conforms the individual, and it is the individual who breaks from consistency and conformity that is most free. Hester Prynne, a woman punished for adultery, is isolated by herself and her community, but breaks free from strict Puritan society. Roger Chillingworth, the husband of Hester, isolates himself which leads to the destruction of himself and the community. Hester Prynne and Roger Chillingworth experience differentRead More1.) What Principles Do Franklin And Thoreau Propose For1340 Words   |  6 Pages1.) What principles do Franklin and Thoreau propose for the conduct of life? To what extent do their principles agree? Benjamin Franklin and Ralph Waldo Emerson propose certain principles for the conduct of life. Franklin is very clear in his proposed principles for life, as he clearly states them in his â€Å"The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin†. One of his main principles is the concept of hard work. Franklin believes that the best way to succeed in life is to work hard. Hard work is a key elementRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words   |  14 PagesAmerican / American Indian oral literature / oral tradition creation storiesï ¼Ë†Ã¨ µ ·Ã¦ º Ã§ ¥Å¾Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° trickster talesï ¼Ë†Ã¦  ¶Ã¤ ½Å"å‰ §Ã¨â‚¬â€¦Ã¤ ¼  Ã¥ ¥â€¡Ã¯ ¼â€° rituals / ceremoniesï ¼Ë†Ã¥â€¦ ¸Ã¤ » ªÃ¯ ¼â€° songs / chantsï ¼Ë†Ã¦â€º ²Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° Anglo Settlers’ Writings Highly religious and pragmatic - John Smith, founder of Jamestown, Virginia; Pocahontas - John Winthrop, â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity†: â€Å"†¦ We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  - William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation (1630-50, pub. 1856) - Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672), TheRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne: Literature of Consience Essay2942 Words   |  12 Pagesauthors. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Hawthornes had already left their legacy with the town of Salem leaving Nathaniel Hawthorne a long rich history of ancestry in the town. In 1630, William Hawthorne made the Journey to the New World with John Winthrop, the first governor of Massachusetts. Two of Hawthorne’s relatives who were directly involved with the Salem witch trials, also left their mark on the town. Hawthorne carried a direct relation to Judge Hathorne himself, being the primary causeRead More Puritanism: The People, Religion, and Poetry Essay4374 Words   |  18 Pageslike the biblical nation of Israel and as the body of Christ. For the Puritans, the importance of community related also to their self-perception as a covenantal people, like Israel. â€Å"For wee must Consider that wee shall be as a Citty vpon a Hill† (Winthrop). In some sense, they were separate; however, they borrowed intellectual traditions from history and England and strongly influenced the traditi ons through American history. Though Puritans highly valued community, the spiritual entitlement given

Nature Vs Nurture Essay - 1023 Words

For centuries, criminologists and scholars alike have explored different theories to help determine what causes one to engage in deviant behavior. In this paper, I will discuss one of the longest standing criminological disputes, nature versus nurture. After describing both theories in detail, I will determine whether I believe our intelligence, behaviors, and personality traits are genetically predetermined or if they are a product of our environment and the way in which we were raised. Science has proven that certain physical characteristics, such as hair color, eye color, height, and skin tone, are undoubtedly, genetically determined. Supporters of the nature theory, also known as nativists, argue that genetics and biology influence†¦show more content†¦These and several other studies alike revealed a positive correlation between low IQ scores and deviant behavior. While supporters of the nurture theory, also known as empiricists, do not fully discount the biological bel iefs of nativists, they argue that personality and intelligence is primarily sociological. In other words, people come into this world as a tabula rasa, or blank slate, and environmental influences and socialization are the most important factors in determining who we are and how we behave (Crossman, 2016). Nativists discredit the notion that people commit crimes because they have low IQs. Instead, they believe that environmental stimulation from parents, relatives, social contacts, schools, peer groups, and innumerable others create a child’s IQ level and that low IQs result from an environment that also encourages delinquent and criminal behavior (Siegel, 2018). Put simply, low IQ scores reflect a criminal’s cultural background, not their mental capacity. Examples of the empiricist perspective include John Bowlby s Theory of Attachment and Albert Bandura s Social Learning Theory. Bowlby’s theory suggests that children come into the world biologically pre-progr ammed to form attachments with others (McLeod, 2007). In his 1944 study on juvenile delinquents, he concluded that maternal separation early on in a child’s life causes permanent emotional damage. TheShow MoreRelatedNature vs. nurture Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs. Nurture It is a matter of concern whether human behaviors and characteristics are determined by nature or nurture. If a person’s behavior is inherited directly from the genes of his/her parents or other biological factors, then it is the nature that determines his character. But if the environment that a person grew up in, affects his behavior, then it is the nurture that determines his/her character. It became a great matter of controversy among scientists, psychologists and sociologistsRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesNature vs. Nurture Essay Throughout many years, scientists have been debating about whether nature or nurture is the driving force that shapes a person’s cognitive abilities and personal traits. Before the ongoing debate can be explained, it is necessary to understand what nature and nurture actually are. Nature is loosely defined as the genetics one inherits and tendencies that influence development. Many things in an individual are hereditary, for instance; gender, disease, height, eye color,Read More Nature vs Nurture Essay804 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs Nurture In his book, the universally acclaimed and bestseller The Selfish Gene, Richard Dawkins presents his viewpoint that living organisms are but survival machines, that the individual [is a] selfish machine, programmed to do whatever is best for its gene as a whole. In fact, this is the central concept in his book that he brings across. An individuals behaviour and actions are 100% determined by its genes and the individual behaves in accordance to ensure the best persistenceRead More Nature vs Nurture Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pages Nature or Nurture? The Determination of Human Behaviour The nature versus nurture debate has spanned over decades, and is becoming more heated in the recent years. Following the mapping of the human genome, scientists are pursuing the possibility of controlling human behaviour such as homicidal tendencies or insanity through the manipulation of genes. Is this possible for us to ensure that humans behave in certain ways under certain circumstances in future? This is highly doubtful, as the determinationRead More Nature vs Nurture Essay570 Words   |  3 Pages Nature vs Nurture The issues pitting nature against nurture are exceptionally significant for the gamut of discoveries that attribute an increasing proportion of traits and behaviours to ones genetic makeup. The resulting variety of physical shortcomings and limitations in each person has, for centuries, been countered by endeavours to improve or interfere where necessary, and every individual is consequently the product of a delicate middle path of balance between the two. The importanceRead MoreNature vs. Nurture Essay794 Words   |  4 Pages Nature vs. Nurturenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through time, psychologists have argued over whether only our genes control our behaviors in life or if the environment and the people surrounding us have any effect in our lives. This is called nature versus nurture. We do not know what dictates our behavior, or if it is a combination of both. One question is, if genes control our behavior, are we really responsible for our actions? I think that if we can make choicesRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs Nurture The discussion about nature and nurture can be considered one of the oldest problems in psychology, the main question of which is: Are human traits present at birth or are they developing through experience? (Meyers, 2013). The natural side of the discussion asserts that the facial features and the way of their development strictly through DNA and genetics are transmitted by parents and grandparents. The nurture side of the debate argues that we are born with a clean list andRead MoreNature vs. Nurture Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesNature vs Nurture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the past five weeks we have studied three different but influential people in our perspective on human nature class. They are Freud, Plato and Tzu. The main discussion between all of them is nature versus nurture. I will discuss the difference between nature and nurture and then I’ll apply to each of these philosophers and how they react to it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When looked up in the dictionary the term nature means the universe and its phenomena or one’s own character and temperamentRead More Nature vs Nurture Essay778 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs Nurture Most of us have an intuition that, although our genes provide advantages and constraints, we retain great control over our lives. However, we are developing a second, competing intuition that, like it or not, our genes determine our abilities, our preferences, and our emotions. We would like to think we are much more than the sum of our genes, but scientists have apparently demonstrated that our genes determine some of our most complex behavioral and cognitive characteristicsRead MoreEssay on Nature vs Nurture1052 Words   |  5 PagesNature vs. Nurture M. B. Liberty University Psychology 101 Nature vs. Nurture There has been extensive debate between scholars in the field of psychology surrounding the Nature vs. Nurture issue. Both nature and nurture determine who we are and neither is solely independent of the other. â€Å"As the area of a rectangle is determined by its length and its width, so do biology and experience together create us.†(Myers, 2008, p. 8) Carl Gustav Jung, and leading thinker and creator of analytical

Educating Esme An Autobiography Of Esme Raji Codell s...

Educating Esmà © was a biography about Esmà © Raji Codell’s first year of teaching and the experiences she had throughout the year. She describes the many challenges faced when working in a school in a low income area and how it differs from that of a high income area. In addition, she talks about the many teaching styles and problem solving techniques she used in her classroom. Some of her methods she used were creative and could easily grasp the children’s attention, but one example of her style I would never use in my classroom is letting one of the children that repeatedly misbehaves teach the class. As a future high school teacher, I feel as if this particular method would be ineffective because of the age range of the children. However, I look up to her desire to educate children To begin, Educating Esmà © is an autobiography of Codell’s first year as a 5th grade teacher in a low-income school district. She talks about the many challenges she faced as a new teacher in a school where the children have a hard life than those with parents who have a higher income. She includes the fact that the children’s hone lives would sometimes spill over into the daily classroom setting. Throughout the book she tries to maintain a positive attitude towards the children, but she does not romanticize the hardships faced, and she does make the reader aware of how much of an emotional toll it takes on a person to teach a class. In addition, it is included of how she had problems with school

Traditional Forest Related Knowledge

Question: Discuss about the Traditional Forest Related Knowledge. Answer: Introduction: The Indian subcontinent is regarded as the great landmass of the South Asia. It is known as the home of the single most worlds ancient civilization and foremost influential. This subcontinent is usually regarded as India for historical purposes. It comprises of the area the present-day Republic of India and republic of Pakistan having been portioned from the India in the year 1947 as well as Bangladesh that made up the eastern region of Pakistan until 1971s independence. Right from the early period, the Indian subcontinent seemed to have offered attractive habitat for occupation by human. The Himalayas ranges to the north massively protected this subcontinent as well as sheltering it from the Arctic winds as well as air current of the Central Asia. Most of ancient contacts with the outside world occurred via northwest and northeast that were the solely regions easily accessed by land. The extensive alluvial plain of river basins offered environment and emphasized for rise of two significant stages of city life: the civilization of Indus valley called Indus civilization during third millennium BCE, along with during first millennium BCE, which of Ganges. The forest to the south of this zone separates India from peninsula proper. It runs generally from west to east which was inhabited by trial people. The region never formed a focal point of principal regional cultural development of South Asia and it remained thinly populated. The Indian forest offered home to the crores of individuals encompassing several scheduled tribes. These tribes dwelled in or nearby forest areas of India. These tribal communities showed a strong knit relationship with forests and dependent on such forests for existence and livelihood. Such association remained mutually beneficial. The rights of these tribal communities were never acknowledged by the civilization and they remained highly marginalized. They even had no right over the land as they were fully discriminated. Indeed, the forest dwellers were even not regarded or acknowledged as Indians. They struggled with modernity and civilization in a losing battle for the preservation of their identity. They were viewed as those cohort of families that had a shared tradition of shared descent, language and culture residing as close-knit community and held no private property. They were tainted by racist ethology that viewed them as primitive, barbarous groups and belonged to inferior races. All sorts of stereotyping was used when defining these forest dwellers coupled animism. This derogatory phrase was used during the early civilization to sideline the tribal religions. To date, this notion has stayed that such people are marginal to the mainstream society. The above notion of mainstream verses marginal duality marred the ancient Indian society. The system of caste advanced it individual classification, but the tribal remained unrecognized as sharply distinct from mainstream society. They were referred mainly as forest dwellers or the mountain dwellers but not tribe. As a result of the race-obsessed colonial ethnology, they coined Adivasi thereby labelling each Indian community as either Aryan or non-Aryan. However, India had no notion of original inhabitant that colonial powers had. Sociologist have helped that the notion of civilizers to regard certain tribe or the others as native owner of soil was utterly unscientific. Civilization coded the notion of how the Mahabharata list three-hundred and sixty three communities (jatis or janas) crossways the map based on the political, ecological or geographical terms some of whom have stayed recognizable as tribes like Mundas and Kokuratas. This notion is currently being decoded. The Epic never seemed to distinguish between tribe and caste with an exemption that the janas happed to reside in forests or mountains. There is however, barely evidence to showcase that in the shared consciousness of India, there is any distinction between the 2 sets of Janas. The janas list increases to about seven-hundred if all ancient literature is included. The forest tribes live in individual territory and were copious, valiant, fight in daylight as well as with the capability to seize along with ruin nations hence a notion of being behaving like kings. The atavika was coined to refer to tribe which is the forest dweller. The feared conquering impulse which paints a reflection of a historical fact that several tribes took to warfare, enlarged their territories as well as converted into as many Kshatriya clans. The mainstream Indias perception of her tribes stays blinkered by the colonial strategy, upon which missionary agenda rode piggyback, searching to detach substantial masses of non-Aryans. State Formation Process The ancient-formation in maritime Southeast Asia were Malaccra Straits alongside southern sea of Java shore. These were hub of wealth accumulation alongside trading activities along with shared various basic political concepts. Developments politically took place in the area owing to the reaction provided by the coastal communities to similar outside economic stimuli. The rising wealth in such 2 sub-regions was highly concentrated in hands of politically powerful elite that exerted control over prestige-good economies. The contacts with additional regions led to advancement I metallurgical techniques along with improved resource-base of the area for trade. The enlargement of economic bases of various trading communities together with escalated exposure to additional advanced political cultures. Culminated to the formation of a sequence, first of chiefdoms, and subsequently of nascent states, on appropriate coasts of peninsula as well as wester islands. The same case with Funan, that emerged on account of advanced traded along with port facilities due to the strategic location as well as backing by the agrarian base. Some have argued that it is rational to consider Funan as the 1st Southeast Asian state since it remained an economic hub, with the economic foundation which backed additionally sophisticated level of political integration while acting as locus of contact amid several regional alongside local marketing networks. Effects of State Formation Process on Tribe Cast Dynamics Relationship The pre-existing native cultural as well as ethnic diversity remained synthesized with the outside ideology to establish a novel systematic higher order cultural foundation. This is recorded in the rising utilization of Sanskrit in Funan, utilization of Indian vocabulary as well as technical knowledge. The Southeast Asian states borrowed primarily from vaster Indian religious traditions. This was in a manner which suggest that a self-conscious balancing of ideas thought to be useful for the upholding power in economies at once mercantile and agrarian. The habits in consumption shifted following Indian export thereby stimulating innovations in production locally. The cultural and religious influence was limited to rulers and elite sections of society hence never penetrated local levels. Therefore, economic competition as well as mutual impact instead of coerced contribution marred the relations between India and Southeast Asia thereby countering Indianization or colonization theory. Bibliography Avari, Burjor. India: The Ancient Past: A History of the Indian Subcontinent from C. 7000 BCE to CE 1200. Routledge, 2016. Ramakrishnan, P. S., K. S. Rao, U. M. Chandrashekara, N. Chhetri, H. K. Gupta, S. Patnaik, K. G. Saxena, and E. Sharma. "South Asia." In Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge, pp. 315-356. Springer Netherlands, 2012. Scott, James C. The art of not being governed: An anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia. Yale University Press, 2014. Thapar, Romila. The Penguin history of early India: from the origins to AD 1300. Penguin UK, 2015.